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Home > Archive > CCNA > June 2003 > Passed, but a tip.
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Passed, but a tip.
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| donaldmc 2003-06-13, 8:18 am |
| Well I passed with a little over 900 score, that doesn't matter. What matters is I didn't know you couldn't go back on this test the prior exam you could. So make sure you answer all the questions and don't forget copy run start, because you can't go back. Most of you probably know this, but sometimes I don't read the directions as well as I should. I mean, why put a comment or a previous button in the program if you can't go back and check you answers? Well, good luck to everyone!
Damn that copy run start it plaque's me. | |
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| donaldmc 2003-06-13, 1:33 pm |
| It was mainly multiple choice, i think i had 1 or 2 fill in, no true/false, and two lab which were really easy. Just don't forget copy run start like I did because you can't go back. I recommend you know your subnetting and all about vlan's and switching. With the subnetting if you'll memorize the netmasks and there subnets/hosts, so you can write them down before the exam starts, it will help you with the time aspect. If you haven't had alot of experience with subnetting, learn the magic number way it's so much easier. Hope this helps and good luck! | |
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| congrats....
regarding multiple answer questions, will it tell you how many correct answers to choose ?
and regarding the labs in the exam , can you go back and forth when doing the configurations ? like when you configure 1 interface and do a copy run start, and then before proceeding to the next question you want to reconfigure it again. can you do that ? or if you do a copy run start, you cannot go back ...?
and did you go to a CCNA academy finishing 4 semesters before taking the exam . I am asking you this bec. I now finished sem.2 and still thinking if I still have to take the Sem. 3 and 4 or will I just do a self study..
what materials did you use ?
any thoughts ... sorry if I have so many questions, I really want to pass the exam, so all inputs here can help us ..
thanks | |
| donaldmc 2003-06-13, 4:08 pm |
| You should ask question, plus I need to give information back since I took a lot of information from this site. The multiple choice question do tell how many to pick and just in case you forget to pick the necassary amount when you click next it tells you to pick the correct amount. This was a recertification for me, and I do have lots of experience on routers. I've never gone to a cisco acadamy my study has always been self made. Honelty though in my opinion the labs are so easy, I almost consider them a joke. Do you know how to set up a password? Can you configure a RIP network and not forget to add the network command? Can you subnet? Can you NOT forget to copy run start? Remember you can't go back. I think this test is overated on difficulty, it's all about confidence. You don't have to be NEO to pass, hell you don't even have to be dozier! | |
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| thanks donaldmc,
now I've been thinking how far more should I need to study bec. all these questions below to figure out if I can do it, I can say yes
>Do you know how to set up a password?
>Can you configure a RIP network and not forget to add the network command?
>Can you subnet?
>Can you NOT forget to copy run start?
but what abt. those Switching Vlan technologies (Sem.3)and WAN configurations (Sem. 4) ... how many questions did it come out in the exam ....
thanks ... | |
| donaldmc 2003-06-13, 6:14 pm |
| I thought I'd mentioned that above. VLAN and switching is heavy on the exam but there multiple choice not lab and as far as "just" passing the test I don't think you need real world experience. And as far as real world experience most switch have a gui and are extremly easy to configure. You will need to know the theory though, like what layer it works on, what it does, why use a switch instaed of a router or a bridge or hub, etc. You need to know the port states and know that if your going to use a router and switch you're router needs to be capabale of ISL and why. But these can all be picked up in a book!
Hope this helps! | |
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| thanks ... all your inputs will definitely help a lot .... | |
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| Hey donaldmc, I am in my 3rd semester at a Cisco networking acacdemy. My self and others are having trouble graping subnetting. We are currently using the Faytrouni TCP/IP Subnetting Table. You mentioned something about the MAGIC NUMBER?
Can you please enlighten me as to where I can find out more about this system or any help with subnetting. Thanks. jjsok | |
| donaldmc 2003-06-19, 8:10 am |
| I apologize for the length of this post.
It's been awile since I posted this. Here is my entire IP addressing notes that I made using the Cisco Press CCNA bundle. I highly recommend those books for the exam and real world problems. Anchor40 may have a different method and he is far better at it then I, but here is how I do. If you'd like my entire notes for the test to help you out just shoot me your e-mail address, I have no real need for them now.
IP Addressing
A central authority, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority - IANA, manages the allocation for IP address
An ip address and subnet address is used for three purposes
· Enable the system to process the receipt and transmission of packets
· Specify the devices local address
· Specify a range of addresses that share the cable with the device
End stations have a unique 32-bit logical address, which contain two parts
· Network Number
· Host Number
The 32-bit address is divided into four 8-bit octets
Minimum value for an octet – 0
Maximum value for an octet – 255
Ipv6 will offer 128-bit addressing and be backward compatible with version 4
IP Classes
· Class A
o network.host.host.host
o 1-126
o Binary – 00000001 - 01111110
o Hex – 7E
o 126 addresses
§ Each address can support 16 million hosts
· Class B
o Network.network.host.host
o 128 – 191
o Binary - 10000000
o Hex - 80
o 64,000 addresses
§ Each address can support up to 64,000 hosts
· Class C
o Network.network.network.host
o 192 – 223
o Binary – 11000000
o Hex – C0
o 16 million addresses
§ Each address can support 254 hosts
· Class D
o Multicast
o 224 - 239
· Class E
o Research
o 240 - 255
NOTE: 127 is reserved for loop back
Subnetting
Remember these 3 key facts when subnetting
1. The Network part of the address is defined by class rules
2. The host part of the address is defined by the network mask; Binary 0’s
3. What’s left is the subnet
To determine the number of host and subnets use the equations (2n – 2) where “n” is the number of host bits or subnets.
In every subnet there is two address reserved for special ID numbers. All 0’s is the network; all 1’s is the broadcast
Each bit position has a decimal value, as shown in the table below.
Common Class C subnetting
Net Mask # Subnets Hosts / Interesting Octet
192 2 62 26 256 – 192 = 64
224 6 30 27 256 – 224 = 32
240 14 14 28 256 – 240 = 16
248 30 6 29 256 – 248 = 8
252 62 2 30 256 – 252 = 4
The table above should be memorized so you can write it down before the test. You’ll be nervous or stressed and this will help. It will also speed up your subnet answering if time could be a problem.
Determining the subnet mask on interesting octets
Address 199.1.1.100
Mask 255.255.255.224
Subnet # 199.1.1. ?
First you find out what the mask number is. To do this you subtract the netmask-interesting octet from 256. 256 – 224 = 32. Then you find the nearest multiple of the number that is closet but lower are equal to the interesting octet. 32 x 3 = 96 so that’s your subnet number.
After you find the subnet number the first valid ip is easy to determine just add 1 to the forth octet.
Address 199.1.1.100
Mask 255.255.255.224
Subnet # 199.1.1.96
1st Valid IP 199.1.1.97
To find the broadcast take the subnet number in this case 96 and add the magic number 32 and subtract 1 and you get the broadcast. 96 + 32 - 1= 127 there is your broadcast 199.1.1.127
Address 199.1.1.100
Mask 255.255.255.224
Subnet # 199.1.1.96
1st Valid IP 199.1.1.97
Broadcast 199.1.1.127
The last step is to find the last valid address this is easy just subtract 1 from the forth octet of the broadcast address 127 – 1 = 126
Address 199.1.1.100
Mask 255.255.255.224
Subnet # 199.1.1.96
1st Valid IP 199.1.1.97
Broadcast 199.1.1.127
Last Valid IP 199.1.1.126
Deciding what the other subnets are
“If the same subnet mask is used for all subnets on a class A, B, OR C networks what are the valid subnets?
1. Write down or determine the network number and netmask.
2. Add the Magic number to the previous subnet octet in this case 32
3. keep going until 255
Address 199.1.1.100
Mask 255.255.255.224
1st valid Subnet 199.1.1.32
2nd valid subnet 199.1.1.64
3rd valid subnet 199.1.1.96
4th valid subnet 199.1.1.128
And so on until 255
Private addresses
10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 class A
172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 class B
192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 class C
Configuration Commands
There are various commands for configuring IP address. I will lightly touch on them for more information RTFM!!!
· Router (config-if)# ip address ip-address net-mask
o Assigns the ip address to the interface
· Router(config)# term ip netmask-format
o Specifies the format of the netmask for the current session only
· Router (config-if)# ip netmask-format
o Specifies the format of the netmask on the interface
· Router# show ip interface
o Shows a summary of the interfaces IP Address information
· Router(config)# ip name-server 216.167.146.2 216.167.146.4 216.167.161.35
o Specifies the DNS servers up to six addresses can be specified in a single command
· Ip domain-lookup and no ip domain-name lookup
o Enables and disables name-to-address translation
· Show hosts
o Shows a cached list of host names and their addresses
Verifying Address configuration
· Telnet
o Simple application used to see whether you can connect to the router. If you cannot telnet to the router, but can ping the router the problem is in the upper-layer functionality at the router.
· Ping
o C’mon if you don’t know how to ping or how it’s used you don’t deserve to be in tech support.
· Trace or traceroute
o Shows the end-to-end path if you get *’s it’s an unreachable from there on
IP Routing
Routers learn paths to destinations in three ways
1. Static Routes
o Manually defined by sys admin as the only path to the destination
2. Default Routes
o Manually defined by sys admin as the path to take when no route is known
3. Dynamic Routes
o Router learn paths to other destination by periodic updates to from other routers
IP routing is enabled on Cisco IOS software by default to turn it off
· Router (config)# no ip routing
· Router (config)# ip routing – turns it back on
Administrative distance is a rating of trustworthiness of routing information source. It’s an integer from 0 to 255 the higher the distances the less trustworthy. An admin distance of 255 means the information cannot be trusted and should be ignored.
· Connected interface 0
· Static route 1
· IGRP 100
· RIP 120
· Unknown 255
To configure a static route
· Router (config)# ip route network [mask] {address | interface} [distance] [permanent]
· Router (config)# ip route 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1
To configure a default route
· Router (config)# ip default-network 192.168.1.1 | |
| anchor40 2003-06-19, 9:23 am |
| Donald,
Thanks for the compliment, but I would have said I have a different method, that's all. 
Excellent post, as well as description of the use of the "magic number" approach.
One thing I'd add is that when you go that route to find the magic number, you're going the "other way" to finding the number of addresses per subnet instead of the 2^n-2 approach. In your example, the .224 mask came up with a Magic Number of 32, and if you take off the net ID and broadcast address, you have 30 hosts. The .224 mask borrows 3 bits, leaving 5 for hosts, so 2^5-2 is 30.
But deep down I'm a packet-jockey at heart, who loves to dive into the bit-level analysis of a Sniffer trace (read: he has no life!). I like to see the bit boundaries, and it's easier for me, because I'm a "visual" person. I've talked with several folks with "analytical" personalities and they can't comprehend how I get the answers I do - they swear by the Magic Number approach.
I say - quite often actually - find whatever works for you and use it. In this case it's not the "how" that matters, but rather the end result!
 | |
| donaldmc 2003-06-19, 10:55 am |
| I totally agree it doesn't matter how you get as long as you know how to get it. I use the magic number for simple subnetting but if I have to do something extrmemly complex (read: most of your subnetting questions, lol) I use the bit way it just takes longer. | |
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| hi donald,
congratualations on your successful completion of the CCNA exam.
I am preparing for it and was wondering if you could please send me any kind of materials regarding them? My e-mail address is axa4@examnotes.com.
I have no idea about subnetting and also about the router commands.
Any idea how to master them or where to get in-depth knowledge?
your suggestions would be of great help to me. | |
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| jason892 2003-06-19, 9:32 pm |
| quote:
Originally posted by axa4
I have no idea about subnetting and also about the router commands.
Any idea how to master them or where to get in-depth knowledge?
your suggestions would be of great help to me.
If you really don't have any idea about subnetting and router commands, you have alot of work ahead. I started studying for the ccna 2 months ago, and I still don't understand half of what the guys on this forum are talking about. I can however subnet, and I can configure routers fairly quickly. When I started, I didn't have a background in networking. I found a way to get into the cisco academy for free, and decided to give it a shot. That's what you should really do. I take it online, so I can still work my regular full time job. The college has routers that you can telnet into for hands on training, and the academy is very easy to understand. I'm good at self study, but the pure volume of info. you will need to digest is enormous. PM me if you want some info on the academy. | |
| donaldmc 2003-06-20, 8:12 am |
| You do have a long road ahead, but we all was started there. I'll send you my Notes they wil help you with your subnetting and basic networking theory such as OSI, also they have a good small section on replacing an IOS, but it will not be enough on routing commands because I am used to configuring routers as these are me recertification notes. I suggest you purchase some CISCO press CCNA materal and if possible gets some hands on experience. It can be limited for this test but some expereince is required! | |
| anchor40 2003-06-20, 9:09 am |
| Axa4,
This Subnetting tutorial from Cisco is a good starting point:
http://makeashorterlink.com/?P3D6228F4
Also check out www.learntosubnet.com which is also a good place to learn that skill.
The purpose of any certification is to prove that you know the subject material. I'll second (or third) the consensus that hands-on experience is necessary to prepare you for the exam.
You can check out R1R2 Labs at www.r1r2.com which provides free telnet access to some routers over the internet. If you don't have physical access ore can't afford to purchase a couple on ebay, this (and some other similar sites) can help get you the hands-on experience.
Also, ChinaITLab.com at http://www.chinaitlab.com/www/experiment/lab.asp has a decent simulator with 21 labs that are intended to accompany the Cisco ICND class for CCNA preparation.
HTH... | |
| djmaplethorpe 2003-06-20, 10:23 am |
| Thanks donaldmc, and also to anchor40. donaldmc from the queick review of your notes they look as though they will help tremendous when I get ready to cram as I have most of the commands down. anchor40 thanks to you also with your help on subnetting and the magic number scenario form donaldmc I'm getting closer everyday to the "I can do it" feeling.
thanks again to both!!
djm | |
| donaldmc 2003-06-20, 11:50 am |
| Never doubt yourself, if you want it bad enough you can do it! |
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